In 1977, years of research and writing came to fruition with the publishing of Noah Zimmerman and Spencer Kraybill’s History of a John Graybill Family in America, 1754-1976. The volume, over 700 pages, is known as a defining scholarly work on the history of the village of Richfield and the Graybill family who first settled in the Richfield area in the 1770’s. Kraybill and Zimmerman painted a picture of this small town in central Pennsylvania from its beginnings until the time of the writing of the book. They gathered primary source documents, records compiled by other historians and geneologists to trace branches of the Graybill family who moved away from the Richfield area, background information on the Anabaptist persecution in Europe which resulted in a wave of Anabaptist immigration to “Penn’s Woods,” and a brief history of the Juniata Valley prior to settlement by European peoples. Personal stories and pictures of many of the Graybill descendants are added, bringing the names and places to life for the reader. Even more impressive is that this book was done long before internet was available for public use, and all the research was conducted by collecting information in person or by correspondence.
The Graybill family were of Swiss origin. Early spellings of the name were “Krahenbuhl,“ or “Krohbiel,“ “Krehbiel,“ and other variations. Peter and Jakob Krahenbuhl were Bernese Mennonites, with family origins in Canton of Berne in Switzerland. A 1953 letter from Don Yoder of Franklin and Marshall College, to Ursula Shelley, whose research was instrumental in helping to compile data for the Graybill book, states: “From the history of Bernese Anabaptism by Pastor Ernst Muller, published 1895, I find that Peter and Jakob Krahenbuhl lived on the Buchelhof near Wimpfen on the river Neckar in the year 1731, and that Michel Krahenbuhl was a deacon of the congregation in that area, his residence being at Dreschklingen. In the same year Samuel Krahenbuhl lived at Wesingen, eastward from Durlach in Baden. These were Bernese Mennonites in name, that is, they or their ancestors had emigrated from the Canton of Berne in Switzerland (lovely land) to the Palatinate in Germany. An early reference to the name in Switzerland, also from Muller‘s book, tells us that Anna Krayenbuel was an Anabaptist at Langnau (in the famous Emmenthal) in 1621. This is in Canton Berne. Much more could be gathered from the printed sources, but this is enough to show the Bernese origin of your family, which is of course the important fact first of all to be established.“
The Anabaptist faith brought persecution from the Swiss government, due to several controversial teachings of the Anabaptist faith. The Anabaptists faced opposition for their unwillingness to baptize infants, and to swear oaths in court, but most of all for their doctrine of nonresistance and its followers’ refusal to bear arms against their fellow man. The Swiss republic had been maintained by hard-fought battles against neighboring monarchies. The Swiss government feared that if the Anabaptist faith were to become common, large numbers of its citizens would refuse military service, and the Swiss republic would be in danger from larger, stronger kingdoms around them. By the 1680’s, Anabaptists were so severely persecuted in Switzerland that a group of about 700 left Switzerland and emigrated to Germany about 1681. Among them were Peter Krehbiel and his family. The Krehbiel family lived in Weierhof, in the Palatinate in Germany for several generations. It is likely that Johannes Krohbiel, who would later emigrate with his family to Pennsylvania, was a grandson of Peter Krohbiel, although records that would prove that definitively have not been found. But in Germany, the Mennonites again faced persecution because of the doctrine of nonresistance, which was at odds with the mandatory military service which was required of young men in Germany in the mid-1700’s. Across the Atlantic Ocean, William Penn’s newly founded colony of Pennsylvania was a refuge for many who were persecuted for their religious beliefs. The colony was founded on, and governed by, Quaker principles, which were in sympathy with the Mennonites’ doctrine of nonresistance. Johannes (John) Krehbiel, his wife Elizabeth, and their children John, Elizabeth, Barbara, and Maria emigrated to Pennsylvania in the early 1750‘s.
On June 14, 1753, John Krehbiel, Sr. applied for a land patent in Manheim Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. In 1766, after the death of the elder John Krohbiel, this land was passed to his son, John Krehbiel, Jr.
The younger John Krehbiel was born 8-18-1735, in Weierhof, Germany. He would have been a teenager when he emigrated to Pennsylvania with his parents and siblings. He married Barbara Daradinger, b. 5-9-1737.
Oral tradition holds that John Krehbiel, Jr. went north from Lancaster County to what was then Northumberland County in the early 1770’s, searching for vacant land on which to settle. He made his way up the Susquehanna River to the Mahantango Creek, where he left the river and cut a road from Millerstown or Liverpool to an area near the Mahantango headwaters in what is now West Perry Township, Snyder County. Finding a piece of land which would suit his needs, he hid his axes, singletrees, wagons, and sticks in a sinkhole on the farm at the foot of Shade Mountain now owned by Ronald Weaver. He then went back to Lancaster County to bring his family north. John Krehbiel purchased the land from the current owner, a Mr. Simpson, who lived at or near Philadelphia, and the Krehbiel family came from Lancaster to the frontier of Northumberland County in the spring of 1774. (At the time of the publication of the “Graybill book” in 1977, the land originally purchased by John Krehbiel had been passed down through the family so that a Graybill descendent had lived on that farm for 200 years. The farm has since been sold out of the Graybill family but is still a working farm, well maintained and cared for by its current owners.)
In the 1770’s, much of Pennsylvania was still wild frontier. The land was heavily wooded and game was plentiful. Travel was via waterways, on foot, or by horseback. Roads were few; most were paths or Indian trails. Wild animals were a danger to man and beast, and Indian attacks on frontier settlers were not uncommon. Huge stands of virgin timber had to be cleared for building and farming. Tools and implements for felling trees, working the soil, and building barns and dwellings, were primitive. It was a land rich in resources, but to settle on Pennsylvania’s western frontier was not for the faint of heart. This was the place to which the Krehbiel family came.
World events indicated turbulent times. The American colonies were on the cusp of revolution, and would soon declare their independence from the British crown. The Krehbiel family was somewhat geographically isolated from the events taking place to the east of them--a Declaration of Independence, and a Revolutionary War which was to decide the future of the nation. The revolution created a crisis of conscience for the nonresistant folk who believed in paying taxes--”Render unto Caesar that which is Caesar’s...”--but could not, in good conscience, go to war. The Mennonite objection was both to war itself, and also to the rebellion against the King of England, whose authority they viewed as given by God Almighty. The Mennonites could not give their support for war, or for rebellion against the British throne.
On the land which John Graybill purchased stood a solidly built stone structure, built over a spring. Oral tradition and maps of the time show a fort on the Mahantango Creek, called Pomfret Castle, which had been built for frontier defense around the time of the French and Indian War. Pomfret Castle is believed to have stood on what was to become the Graybill homestead. The question of the existence of Pomfret Castle has been the subject of much debate by historians. The author will explore this debate in a future post, as it seems to deserve its own chapter of this story, rather than being an afterthought of the story of the John Graybill family.
John
and Barbara Krehbiel moved into this stone structure in 1774, and made it a
dwelling. They raised a family of nine children, all of whom lived to
adulthood--truly remarkable in this time and place where infant and maternal
mortality was high, illness and accident befell many, and medical care
(especially on the frontier) was scarce and primitive.
Their
children, in order of age, were: Christian, Anna, Jacob, Mary, John, Barbara,
Susannah, Magdalena, and Catherine.
Christian,
the oldest child of John and Barbara Krehbiel, was born 1-9-1756. He married
Maria Shellenberger (b.8-19-1762) and to this union were born seven children:
Barbara, Sarah, Magdalena, Anna, Christian Jr., Jacob, and Peter.
Christian
Krabiel, Sr., is listed in the will of his father John Krabiel (note change in
spelling) dated 2-25-1806 as receiving 100 acres of land. Twelve years later,
in 1818, Christian laid out the village of Richfield. The original portion of
the town consisted of 4 streets running parallel to each other and to the
Mahantango Creek--the northernmost street being Water St., 25 ft wide, running
along the Mahantango Creek; Lost Creek St., 40 ft wide, labeled “Road to
Mifflintown,” present-day State Route 35; Market Square, present day Market St.,
and the southernmost street being Christian Alley. The streets were connected
by (west-east): Green Alley, Ridge or Walnut St., Calhoun Alley, and Chestnut
St.
Christian
Sr. died 12-29-1825, at the age of 69.
Anna,
the second child of John and Barbara Krehbiel, (no birthdate given in the
Graybill book) married Jacob Acker 5-25-1784. Jacob was a son of Peter Acker
from Lancaster County. Jacob died 4-12-1813; no death date is given for Anna.
Their children were: Anna, Henry, Jacob, Abraham, Christian, Barbara, Peter,
Emmanuel, Elizabeth, and Alice.
Jacob,
the third child, was born 6-9-1761, d. 4-20-1829. He married Magdalena
Schneider, b. 3-8-1759, d. 1-8-1826. Their oldest son, Christian, later became
known as Preacher Christian Graybill. Also born to Jacob and Magdalena were
Jacob Jr., Peter, Thomas, Herman, Hannah, and John.
The
fourth child in the family was named Mary. She married a man named William
Knepp, or Knepley. No further records were available on this family at the time
of the writing of the Graybill book.
John
Krehbiel III was born 4-20-1766. His first wife was Christina Burge. She was
born in February 1766 and died in January 1794 at the age of 28. John’s second
wife was Mary Eppler, b. 5-2-1772, d. 4-6-1853. John was ordained a minister in
the Mennonite church in 1788, at the age of 22 years. He also became a bishop,
possibly at or around the time of his ordination. The Graybill book notes that
he was the first bishop of the Mennonite churches in Juniata and Snyder
counties.
The
children of John Graybill and Christina Burge Graybill were: John Graybill IV
and Elizabeth. The children of John Graybill and second wife Mary Eppler
Graybill were: Christian, Catherine, Anna & Mary (twins), Barbara, Frances,
Jacob, Hannah, Susanne, and Abraham.
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| This sampler-show towel was created by Barbara Krebielin (1802-1878), daughter of John (1766-1838) and Maria (Eppler) (1772-1853) Krebiel Ich Barbara Krebielin bin geboren Im Yahr Christ 1802 obn 28 Mai Translation- I Barbara Krebielin was born in the year of Christ, 1802 on 28 May. Barbara married Amos Winey and is buried with her husband at the Cross Roads Mennonite Cemetery in Snyder, County, Pennsylvania. The sampler show towel is in the possession of the Juniata Mennonite Historical Society, Richfield, Pennsylvania Note: "Krebielin" is the feminine form of the surname "Krebiel" |
Barbara
was the sixth child of John and Barbara Krehbiel. She married William
Zimmerman, who died in 1802. Barbara then married Andrew Sheaffer. Her children
were: George Zimmerman, Joseph Zimmerman, Christian Zimmerman, Martha Sheaffer,
Susannah Sheaffer, and Hannah Sheaffer.
Susannah,
the seventh Krehbiel child, married John Snyder. Their children were Catherine,
Mary, John, Jr. (later to become the Rev. John Krebiel Snyder who was
instrumental in founding the E.U.B. Church in Richfield, the present-day
Richfield United Methodist church), Barbara, Hannah, Susan, Jane, Anna, Phoebe,
Elizabeth (married a Mr. Keiser), Mary, and Elizabeth (married John Varner).
(The two Elizabeths in the same family are not a misprint--this is how it is
recorded in the Graybill book.)
Magdalena
was the eighth Krehbiel child. She married Herman Snyder Jr. (Schneider). Their
children were Jacob, Cathy, Magdalena, Frances, Elizabeth, John, Hannah, Anna,
Sarah, Barbara, and Maria.
The
youngest of the Krehbiel children was Catherine. No birthdate is given for her,
but records show that she married Peter Sechrist. To this union were born:
John, Christian, Peter Jr., Henry, Jacob, Michael, Martha, and Daniel.
Catherine died 1-19-1848; Peter died 3-13-1842.
Some
of the descendants of John and Barbara Krehbiel carried the pioneer spirit of
their parents and grandparents westward from Pennsylvania. Graybill families
were among the pioneers who went west to Kansas, Iowa, and other parts of the
United States in the 1800‘s. Where listed, occupations of Graybill descendants
and their spouses include blacksmiths, dentists, doctors, lawyers, farmers,
mechanics, truck drivers, realtors, pastors, historians, teachers, homemakers,
construction workers, and many more. Some have stayed with the traditional
Mennonite faith of their forefathers; others have embraced different
denominations. Many pastors, deacons, Sunday School teachers and various church
workers are represented in the pages of the Graybill book. Some have stayed
with the doctrine of nonresistence taught by their Mennonite ancestors, some
have served in the military by draft or by choice.
If
the Graybill descendents were to be catalogued today, the book would be much
more extensive than the original work. A later work would almost certainly
include a greater variety of locales and life experiences than Kraybill and
Zimmerman recorded in 1977. The influence that these Pennsylvania Mennonite
pioneers, John and Barbara Krehbiel, had on the generations that followed after
has reached across boundaries of geography and culture. It is a heritage to be
treasured.
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John Kroebiel/Graybill born August 18, 1735, died February 18, 1806
First settler in this vicinity
A tenth generation descendant of the settler is shown with this memorial stone
in the old Cross Roads Mennonite cemetery, Richfield, Snyder County, Pennsylvania.
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Sources:
History of a John Graybill Family in America, by Noah Zimmerman
and Spencer Kraybill; interview with J. Lloyd Gingrich, ‘Twas Seeding
Time, by John Ruth
